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Federal student aid is not the only source of financial assistance for students. There are scholarships available through colleges and private institutions that will fund students based on merit, interests and extracurriculars; potential careers; or demographics such as gender, race, ethnicity, or religion. Some examples are included below:

• Business School Scholarships
• Catholic College Scholarships
• Hobby-Based Scholarships
• LGBTQ Scholarships
• Scholarships for Non-Traditional Students
• Scholarships for Women

A college determines a student's financial need by subtracting their EFC from the cost of attending that college . Going to a lower-cost school will not increase the amount of federal student aid that a student is eligible to receive, rather it will increase the impact of that aid.

Another option is to consider private colleges. Private institutions may offer greater amounts of student aid than public colleges. In 2017, the National Association of College and University Business Officers reported that 64 percent of private colleges in the U.S. used financial aid strategies and 20 percent used tuition pricing strategies to attract higher numbers of students to their institutions. This means nearly two-thirds of the private colleges in the nation are offering financial incentives to their students.

Middle-class parents and students from middle-class families may think that keeping their income off a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) will help them receive more financial aid. However, the information provided on the FAFSA is used to calculate a student's EFC, and this number is necessary to receive any federal funding assistance, whether parents plans to help pay for college or not. The Federal Student Aid website offers a few suggestions of how students can request their parents' information for the FAFSA if they are a dependent , even if parents aren't helping pay college costs.

Parents can start saving for their children's college payments through two different pre-tax, federal education savings plans : a 529 plan or a Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA).

Colleges and degree programs may offer the opportunity to attend college as a part-time student. In 2017 alone, 37 percent of undergraduates attend college part-time . Though it requires careful planning to make this strategy work, academic and career advisors are available to consult with students at most colleges. It takes more time to complete a degree as a part-time student (depending on the amount of credits required to graduate), but being able to work part- or full-time during college can help offset the costs of tuition, living expenses and educational fees.

Increasingly, middle-class students are starting their college careers in community college . Community colleges are a great way to complete prerequisite courses in preparation for a four-year degree at a lower cost than attending a university for the full time needed to graduate with that degree. It is important to make sure that credits earned in a community college will transfer to other institutions—transfer credit regulations vary by school.

Enrolling in an online degree program allows students to learn on their own schedule, often for a fraction of the cost of an on-campus degree. These programs also allow students to complete classes anywhere they have access to an internet connection, and the quality of the education a student receives through an accredited online degree program is the same as any on-campus course.

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Students who register for the SAT, ACT, and other standardized college entrance tests can use their College Board account to create a College Scholarship Service (CSS) profile . This method of applying for non-federal student financial aid is accepted at nearly 250 academic institutions and is used to award grants based on financial need. Unlike the FAFSA, students must pay a fee to submit their CSS profile to a college, though there is a fee waiver for low-income students. Through the CSS profile, students can provide a more thorough picture of their family finances and explain special financial circumstances.

State or federal loan forgiveness programs exempt graduates who work in specific service or nonprofit sectors from repaying their student loans. Federal loans can be forgiven through the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program for graduates who work with Americorps, Peace Corps, or another qualifying non-profit. The Association of American Medical Colleges lists state loan repayment or forgiveness programs available to medical students. Medical professionals willing to work in rural areas can also have their loans forgiven by federal or state governments through the programs listed on the Rural Health Information Hub website .

Because they need to be repaid and accrue interest over time, student loans should be the last resort for funding a college education, but they are a common way of paying for a post-secondary degree. To learn more about student loans:

• An In-Depth Look at Student Loans

Private colleges typically provide a greater amount of financial aid to enrolled students, as in 2017, when Cornell University expanded the eligibility requirements for reduced student loans to include middle-class students and increased the amount of grant aid available. However, public universities may have their own financial aid policies that can benefit middle-class students. For example, Pennsylvania State University has a grant-based—not loan-based—student aid policy that has been in place since 2014.

Many states offer a financial aid package to students who are middle- to low-income that is separate from federal aid. For example, the state of New York has created The Excelsior Scholarship to pay full tuition for middle-class students attending any public college or university in the state, and the Oregon Promise grant is merit-based and helps cover student tuition costs at Oregon community colleges.

However, state financial aid programs face difficulties when their funding decreases, tuition rises, or more eligible students apply for aid. Louisiana's Taylor Opportunity Program for Students has awarded students with state aid since 1999, but has been subject to funding cuts as the state faces budget deficits. States must also balance the demographics of students who receive these awards, and often face criticism when grants are given to students who are not low-income. California has financial aid opportunities specifically for middle-class students who attend college at University of California or California State University campuses, but this award may be phased out because most recipients come from families that earn over $100,000 a year.

Progressive tuition models are emerging in some states to keep college affordable for low- and middle-income students. This model invests a third of the institution's tuition income into financial aid for low-income and middle-class students. A 2016 study reported some success with this model, as the amount of aid a school can offer to students will increase proportionally with tuition increases.

The practice of tuition discounting is controversial , with critics insisting it is not a financially sustainable system for colleges. This model offsets the amount a student pays for college tuition with institutional grants for certain students, but is presented as a reduced tuition rate to the student. These discounts are based on merit and do not take financial need into account, which can benefit middle-class students.